关键词:
马克思
自由时间
数字时代
全面发展
摘要:
时间是物质运动的存在形式,是人类生命的尺度。马克思认为人的社会时间可以分为劳动时间和自由时间,其中“自由时间”是指人们在劳动时间之外,可以自由地开展各种有利于自身发展的活动的空暇时间。自由时间是随着社会生产力的提高而产生的。然而,在资本主义社会中,异化劳动侵占工人的自由时间,导致自由时间异化为剩余劳动时间。只有在共产主义社会中,劳动是自由自觉的,才能真正实现人的自由时间,实现人的自由而全面的发展。在数字时代,信息技术与科学的发展并没有使人们获得解放,反而加重了人们自由时间异化的程度,劳动时间与自由时间失去了清晰的界限。马克思自由时间思想对于数字时代自由时间异化的扬弃提供了宝贵启示。Time is the existence form of material movement and the measure of human life. Marx believes that human social time can be divided into labor time and free time, wherein “free time” refers to the free time that people can freely carry out various activities conducive to their own development outside of labor time. Free time is produced with the increase of social productivity. However, in capitalist society, alienated labor encroaches on workers’ free time, leading to the alienation of free time into surplus labor time. Only in the communist society, labor is free and conscious, can we truly realize the free time of man and realize the free and comprehensive development of man. In the digital age, the development of information technology and science has not liberated people, but increased the degree of alienation of people’s free time, and the clear boundary between labor time and free time has been lost. Marx’s free time thought provides valuable inspiration for the sublation of free time alienation in the digital age.